Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Practice Exam 2025 – Comprehensive Test Prep

Benzodiazepines are known to lead to dependency and withdrawal symptoms because they are central nervous system depressants that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This enhancement leads to a calming effect, making benzodiazepines effective for treating anxiety, insomnia, and muscle spasms. However, with prolonged use, the body can become accustomed to their presence, leading to physical dependence. When someone stops taking benzodiazepines abruptly after a period of regular use, withdrawal symptoms can occur, which may range from anxiety and agitation to more severe manifestations like seizures and tremors.

In contrast, while other classes of drugs listed may have potential side effects and risk factors associated with their use, they generally do not have the same degree of potential for physical dependence as benzodiazepines. Antidepressants can cause discontinuation syndrome if stopped suddenly, but this is different in nature from withdrawal and typically does not present the same severity of symptoms. Analgesics, especially opioids, can lead to dependency as well, but they are not the correct focus here. Antihistamines, primarily used to treat allergic reactions, do not commonly lead to dependency or severe withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.